Volume 2, Issue 3 (9-2022)                   HASES 2022, 2(3): 315-323 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

AbdolBaghi M, nikbakhsh R, PoorSoltani Zandi H, Safa Nia A M. Compiling superstition prevalence model among football fans in ISM method. HASES 2022; 2 (3) :315-323
URL: http://hasesjournal.com/article-1-44-en.html
1- PhD Student, Department of Sports Management, Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2- Associate professor of Sport management department, Islamic Azad university, South Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran , NIKBAKHAH_REZA@yahoo.com
3- Assistant Professor of Sports Management, Payame Noor University, Karaj, Iran.
4- Professor, Department of Sports Management, Azad University, Research Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:   (676 Views)
Present research is considered applied-developmental in its objective and qualitative concerning the research nature of data, and the research design was the interpretative structural model (ISM). In order to gather data, semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts in the consumer behavior domain, selected by theoretical sampling, have been utilized. The statistical population includes all sports managers, sports specialists, and fans, and sampling continued until theoretical sufficiency was achieved. After research completion, results were sent to two participants, and their opinions were approved by identifying indices related to football fans' superstitious behavior to draw the interpretative- structural model of factors influencing football fans' superstitious behavior. The result indicated the level of dependence and influence power of each index according to which individual characteristics and environmental conditions in the region under the influence include inculcation index in the autonomous region (independent) and indices of relief, the transmission of evil, coercion, and deterrence in the dependent region.
Full-Text [PDF 600 kb]   (156 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Article | Subject: Sport Managment
Received: 2022/03/21 | Accepted: 2022/06/20 | Published: 2022/09/1

References
1. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Macmillan.Beck, J., & Forstmeier, W. (2007). Superstition and belief as inevitable by-products of an adaptive learning strategy. Human Nature, 18(1), 35-46.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1007/BF02820845]
2. Batuhan, H. (1995). Bilim Ve Şarlatanlık. Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.[Google Scholar]
3. Beck, J., & Forstmeier, W. (2007). Superstition and belief as inevitable by-products of an adaptive learning strategy. Human Nature, 18(1), 35-46.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1007/BF02820845]
4. Becker, J. (1975). Superstition in sport. International journal of sport psychology.[Google Scholar]
5. Bleak, J. L., & Frederick, C. M. (1998). Superstitious behavior in sport: Levels of effectiveness and determinants of use in three collegiate sports. Journal of sport behavior, 21(1), 1.[Google Scholar]
6. Brevers, D., Dan, B., Noel, X., & Nils, F. (2011). Sport Superstition: Mediation of Psychological Tension on Non-Professional Sportsmen's Superstitious Rituals. Journal of Sport Behavior, 34(1) .[Google Scholar]
7. Budak, S. (2005). Psikoloji Sözlüğü. Bilim Ve Sanat Yayınları, Ankara: 114.[Google Scholar]
8. Burger, J. M., & Lynn, A. L. (2005). Superstitious behavior among American and Japanese professional baseball players. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 27(1), 71-76.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1207/s15324834basp2701_7]
9. Burke, K. L., Czech, D. R., Knight, J. L., Scott, L. A., Joyner, A. B., Benton, S. G., & Roughton, H. K. (2006). An exploratory investigation of superstition, personal control, optimism and pessimism in NCAA Division I intercollegiate student-athletes. Athletic Insight, 8(2) .[Google Scholar]
10. Case, T. I., Fitness, J., Cairns, D. R., & Stevenson, R. J. (2004). Coping with Uncertainty: Superstitious Strategies and Secondary Control 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(4), 848-871.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02574.x]
11. Churchill, A., Taylor, J. A., & Parkes, R. (2015). The creation of a superstitious belief regarding putters in a laboratory-based golfing task. International journal of sport and exercise psychology, 13(4), 335-343.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1080/1612197X.2014.982675]
12. Ciborowski, T. (1997). "Superstition" in the collegiate baseball player. The Sport Psychologist, 11(3), 305-317.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1123/tsp.11.3.305]
13. Cohn, P. J. (1990). Preperformance routines in sport: Theoretical support and practical applications. The sport psychologist, 4(3), 301-312.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1123/tsp.4.3.301]
14. Cohn, P. J., Rotella, R. J., & Lloyd, J. W. (1990). Effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on the preshot routine and performance in golf. The sport psychologist, 4(1), 33-47.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1123/tsp.4.1.33]
15. Damisch, L., Stoberock, B., & Mussweiler, T. (2010). Keep your fingers crossed! How superstition improves performance. Psychological Science, 21(7), 1014-1020.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1177/0956797610372631]
16. Dwyer, B., LeCrom, C., & Greenhalgh, G. P. (2018). Exploring and measuring spectator sport fanaticism. Communication & Sport, 6(1), 58-85.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1177/2167479516679411]
17. Dwyer, B., LeCrom, C., & Greenhalgh, G. P. (2018). Exploring and measuring spectator sport fanaticism. Communication & Sport, 6(1), 58-85.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1177/2167479516679411]
18. Fischer, G. J. (1997). Abstention from sex and other pre-game rituals used by college male varsity athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20(2), 176.[Google Scholar]
19. Foster, D. J., Weigand, D. A., & Baines, D. (2006). The effect of removing superstitious behavior and introducing a pre-performance routine on basketball free-throw performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(2), 167-171.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1080/10413200500471343]
20. Gregory, C. J., & Petrie, B. M. (1972). Superstition in sport. Proceedings of the Fourth Canadian Psychomotor Learning and Sports Psychology Symposium (pp. 1-30). Waterloo: University of Waterloo.[Google Scholar]
21. Hanks, L., Zhang, L., & McGinley, S. (2016). Unconditioned superstition and sports bar fans. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 25(1), 113-131.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1080/19368623.2014.987417]
22. Janalizade Choobbasti, H.; Babazade Baii, A.; Ebrahimi, S. 2009. A sociological exploration in superstitious students, Culture strategy, no. 5.; pp. 107-128.[Google Scholar]
23. Killeen, P. R. (1978). Superstition: A matter of bias, not detectability. Science, 199(4324), 88-90.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1126/science.199.4324.88]
24. Knobloch-Westerwick, S., David, P., Eastin, M. S., Tamborini, R., & Greenwood, D. (2009). Sports spectators' suspense: Affect and uncertainty in sports entertainment. Journal of Communication, 59(4), 750-767.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01456.x]
25. Köse, A., Ayten, A. (2009). Bâtıl İnanç Ve Davranışlar Üzerine Psiko Sosyolojik Bir Analiz. Din Bilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, Ix, Issue:3.[Google Scholar]
26. Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of personality and social psychology, 32(2), 311.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.32.2.311]
27. McDonald, H., & Karg, A. J. (2014). Managing co-creation in professional sports: The antecedents and consequences of ritualized spectator behavior. Sport Management Review, 17(3), 292-309.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1016/j.smr.2013.07.004]
28. Neil, G. I. (1982). Demystifying sport superstition. International Review of Sport Sociology, 17(1), 99-124.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1177/101269028201700108]
29. Ofori, P. K., Tod, D., & Lavallee, D. (2018). An exploratory investigation of superstitious behaviours, coping, control strategies, and personal control in Ghanaian and British student-athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(1), 3-19.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1080/1612197X.2016.1142460]
30. Ono, K. (1987). Superstitious behavior in humans. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 47(3), 261-271.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1901/jeab.1987.47-261]
31. Rabii, K. (2015). Social-economic development and its effect on how people understand superstition. Case study: Isfahan province towns, applied sociology, 26(4), 129-148, 12.[Google Scholar]
32. Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. (2002). Age and the gender gap in the sense of personal control. Social psychology quarterly, 65(2), 125.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.2307/3090097]
33. Rozin, P., & Neneroff, C. (2002). 11. Sympathetic Magical Thinking: The Contagion and Similarity "Heuristics ".[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511808098.013]
34. Rudski, J. (2001). Competition, superstition and the illusion of control. Current Psychology, 20(1), 68-84.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1007/s12144-001-1004-5]
35. Saenko, (2005). The Superstitions of Today's College Students. Russian Education And Society, 47 (12), p. 778.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1080/10609393.2005.11056939]
36. Schippers, M. C., & Van Lange, P. A. (2006). The Psychological Benefits of Superstitious Rituals in Top Sport: A Study Among Top Sportspersons 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(10), 2532-2553.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00116.x]
37. Servatyari, K. Garusi, S.; Yusefi, F. (2018). Studying frequency of superstition and factors related to it among students of Kurdistan Medical Science University in 2013. Kurdistan Medical Science University scientific journal, 23(6): 25-36.[Google Scholar]
38. Shalchi, V.; Ziachi, M. (2014). Adaptive study of cultural orientations of dormitory and non-dormitory students. Village and development, Iran cultural research, no. 4. (serial28). pp:129-155.[Google Scholar]
39. Skinner, B. F. (1948). 'Superstition'in the pigeon. Journal of experimental psychology, 38(2), 168.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1037/h0055873]
40. Smith, A. C., & Stewart, B. (2010). The special features of sport: A critical revisit. Sport Management Review, 13(1), 1-13.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1016/j.smr.2009.07.002]
41. Tamir, I. (2019). Choosing to stay away: Soccer fans' purposeful avoidance of soccer events. Time & Society, 28(1), 231-246. Whalen, P. J. (1998). Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity: Initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdala. Current directions in psychological science, 7(6), 177-188.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1177/0961463X16678256]
42. Todd, M., & Brown, C. (2003). Characteristics associated with superstitious behavior in track and field athletes: Are there NCAA divisional level differences? Journal of Sport Behavior, 26(2), 168.[Google Scholar]
43. Vyse, S. A. (2013). Believing in magic: The psychology of superstition-updated edition. Oxford University Press.[Google Scholar]
44. Wann, D. L., Grieve, F. G., Zapalac, R. K., End, C., Lanter, J. R., Pease, D. G., ... & Wallace, A. (2013). Examining the superstitions of sport fans: Types of superstitions, perceptions of impact, and relationship with team identification. Athletic Insight, 5(1), 21.[Google Scholar]
45. Wargo, E. (2008). The many lives of superstition. APS Observer, 21, 18-24.[Google Scholar]
46. Watson, B. C., & Tharpe, S. (1990). Athletics, superstitions, and education: The coaching dilemma. Physical Educator, 47(1), 52.[Google Scholar]
47. Weinberg, S. R., & Gould, D. (2003). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (5th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books.[Google Scholar]
48. Whitson, J. A., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception. science, 322(5898), 115-117.[Google Scholar] [DOI:10.1126/science.1159845]
49. Womack, M. (1992). Why athletes need ritual: A study of magic among professional athletes. Sport and religion, 191-202.[Google Scholar]
50. Zare, A.; Zare, H. Emadi, M. (2007). Factors influencing tendency to superstition among Iranian football players. Sport management and development, 6(2), 32-46. doi: 10.22124/jsmd.2018.2703.[Google Scholar]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 All Rights Reserved | Journal of Humanistic approach to sport and exercise studies

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb